PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is a modern, high-performance alternative to traditional PHP handlers like mod_php. It manages PHP processes separately from your web server (like Nginx or Apache), leading to better stability, security, and resource efficiency for your hosting environment.

Unlike the older mod_php, which runs PHP as part of the web server itself, PHP-FPM uses the FastCGI protocol. This separation means your web server handles static files (images, CSS) quickly, while PHP-FPM dynamically processes PHP scripts. The main benefits include:

• Reduced Memory Usage: PHP processes are spawned only when needed and can be reused.
• Improved Performance: Especially under high traffic, due to better process management.
• Enhanced Security: Isolation of PHP processes from the core web server.
• Granular Control: You can configure pools with different settings for various websites or users.

For website owners, this means faster page loads and a more stable site, even during traffic spikes. Most modern hosting plans, especially those using Nginx, utilize PHP-FPM by default. If you're experiencing slow PHP performance, asking your host about upgrading to or tuning PHP-FPM is a great first step.